Acute Kidney Injury

Key points

• • Defined by a rising creatinine or a falling urine output.
• • Causes are pre-renal (hypovolaemia - commonest), renal (acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis) or post-renal (obstruction).
• • Assess volume status, review nephrotoxic drugs and exclude obstruction with an ultrasound.
• • Treat the cause and optimise fluids; dialyse for refractory hyperkalaemia, acidosis, fluid overload or uraemia.