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Thursday, 27 August 2026 · Pro · the full daily mock
🇺🇸 Aiming for the USMLE? Try the USMLE mock too →1. The most common cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in young children is:
Microbiology
2. The most common cause of the common cold is:
Microbiology
3. The HbA1c threshold used to diagnose diabetes mellitus is:
Medicine
4. Which tumour marker is used for prostate cancer?
Pathology
5. HIV belongs to which class of virus?
Microbiology
6. A regular narrow-complex tachycardia with a 'sawtooth' baseline on ECG indicates:
Medicine
7. Which cells produce antibodies?
Pathology
8. A social smile in a healthy infant normally appears by about:
Pediatrics
9. The phase of the cell cycle most sensitive to ionizing radiation is:
Pathology
10. Sickle cell anaemia results from a mutation in the:
Pathology
11. A consistently prolonged PR interval (>200 ms) with every beat conducted indicates:
Medicine
12. The four core principles of medical ethics are autonomy, beneficence, justice and:
Community Medicine
13. Early signs of lithium toxicity include:
Psychiatry
14. How many chambers does the human heart have?
Anatomy
15. A toddler with a barking (seal-like) cough and inspiratory stridor most likely has:
Pediatrics
16. The first-line drug class for major depressive disorder is:
Psychiatry
17. Which blood cells are chiefly responsible for oxygen transport?
Physiology
18. Which organ produces insulin?
Physiology
19. A 9-year-old has poor growth, headaches and loss of the outer halves of both visual fields. MRI shows a calcified cystic mass above the pituitary (suprasellar). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Paediatrics
20. A middle-aged man has had years of migratory joint pains and now has weight loss, chronic diarrhoea and steatorrhoea. Small-bowel biopsy shows PAS-positive foamy macrophages in the lamina propria. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
21. A 45-year-old finds his rings and shoes no longer fit; his jaw and brow have become prominent, his tongue is large, he sweats a lot and has developed diabetes. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
22. A 28-year-old woman has stopped having periods and has milky nipple discharge although she has never been pregnant; she also keeps bumping into things on both sides. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
23. An African child has a rapidly enlarging jaw mass. Biopsy shows sheets of monomorphic B-lymphocytes with scattered pale macrophages giving a 'starry-sky' appearance, and the LDH is very high. What is the diagnosis?
Pathology
24. A smoker has proximal leg weakness that noticeably improves after repeated muscle use, along with a dry mouth. Antibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels are positive. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
25. The earliest ECG change in hyperkalemia is:
Medicine
26. A 40-year-old develops jerky, dance-like involuntary movements, low mood and declining memory. His father had the same illness. Genetic testing shows a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
27. The most common chemical composition of kidney stones is:
Pathology
28. A 6-week-old has persistent jaundice with pale, clay-coloured stools and dark urine; the bilirubin is mainly conjugated. What is the most important diagnosis to exclude urgently?
Paediatrics
29. After a long lie following a fall, a patient has dark (tea-coloured) urine, a very high creatine kinase, a high potassium and acute kidney injury. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
30. A patient has hypertension, flank pain, blood in the urine and bilateral ballotable abdominal masses, with a family history of kidney disease; ultrasound shows multiple cysts in both kidneys. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
31. A patient with previous tuberculosis has a raised JVP that rises on inspiration, plus oedema and ascites, with a pericardial 'knock' and pericardial calcification on chest X-ray. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
32. A patient has fever, confusion, a change in personality and seizures; MRI shows changes in the temporal lobes. What is the organism and the treatment?
Neurology
33. An older woman develops chest pain and ST changes with a raised troponin just after severe emotional stress. Angiography shows unobstructed coronary arteries with apical 'ballooning' of the left ventricle. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
34. A patient has progressive weakness with BOTH upper motor neuron signs (spasticity, brisk reflexes) and lower motor neuron signs (wasting, fasciculations), and no sensory loss. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
35. A patient on digoxin has nausea, confusion, yellow-green vision and a slow, irregular pulse, with a high potassium. What is the specific treatment for severe toxicity?
Pharmacology
36. A man has bouts of severe pain around one eye, occurring at the same time each night, with a red watery eye and a blocked nostril on that side. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
37. A patient has heart failure with thickened ventricles, heavy proteinuria and an enlarged tongue. A biopsy stained with Congo red shows apple-green birefringence under polarised light. What is the diagnosis?
Pathology
38. A patient has sudden painless blurring of vision in one eye; the fundus shows widespread 'blood and thunder' retinal haemorrhages with a swollen optic disc. What is the diagnosis?
Ophthalmology
39. A patient has anaemia, jaundice, splenomegaly and gallstones; the film shows spherocytes, the osmotic fragility test is positive, and there is a family history. What is the diagnosis?
Pathology
40. A young man is coughing up blood and has acute kidney failure. Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies are positive and biopsy shows linear IgG along the basement membrane. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
41. A 60-year-old vegetarian with a macrocytic anaemia has tingling feet and an unsteady gait; examination shows loss of vibration and joint-position sense, brisk knee jerks but absent ankle jerks and upgoing plantars. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
42. A patient develops pancytopenia after a drug/toxin exposure; the bone marrow is hypocellular ('empty') with no excess blasts. What is the diagnosis?
Pathology
43. An elderly man has bone pain and finds his hats no longer fit (an enlarging skull); the alkaline phosphatase is high but calcium and phosphate are normal. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
44. Two days after starting chemotherapy for a bulky lymphoma, a patient becomes unwell with a high potassium, high phosphate, high urate and a low calcium, and develops acute kidney injury. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
45. A patient has well-defined red plaques topped with silvery scale on the extensor elbows, knees and scalp, with nail pitting; scraping a plaque causes pinpoint bleeding (Auspitz sign). What is the diagnosis?
Dermatology
46. A 60-year-old man suddenly develops vertigo, difficulty swallowing and hoarseness, with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the LEFT side of the face and the RIGHT side of the body. What is the diagnosis?
Neurology
47. An elderly patient who stopped taking thyroxine is found in winter with hypothermia, marked bradycardia and a reduced conscious level. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
48. A person who injects drugs has fever, a new heart murmur, splinter haemorrhages and painful nodules on the fingertips. What is the single most important diagnostic step?
Medicine
49. A patient has gradual one-sided hearing loss with tinnitus and unsteadiness; MRI shows a mass at the internal auditory meatus. What is the diagnosis?
ENT
50. After severe sepsis a patient develops rapid-onset severe hypoxaemia with bilateral lung infiltrates on X-ray, and the heart size and filling pressures are normal. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
51. A patient has a saddle-nose deformity, chronic sinusitis with nosebleeds, lung nodules and blood in the urine. c-ANCA (anti-PR3) is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Medicine
52. At 28 weeks a woman has a large-for-dates fetus and glucose in the urine; an oral glucose tolerance test is abnormal. What is the diagnosis and the usual first-line management?
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
53. An obese man has loud snoring, witnessed pauses in breathing at night, morning headaches and daytime sleepiness. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
54. After wading through floodwater a patient has fever, severe muscle aches, red (suffused) conjunctivae, jaundice and acute kidney injury. What is the diagnosis?
Microbiology
55. An incompletely vaccinated child has weeks of coughing fits ending in an inspiratory 'whoop' and vomiting after coughing. Which organism is responsible?
Paediatrics
56. A woman has cyclical pelvic pain, painful heavy periods, pain during intercourse and difficulty conceiving; a 'chocolate cyst' is seen on the ovary. What is the diagnosis?
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
57. The Eustachian (auditory) tube connects the middle ear to the:
ENT
58. A 16-year-old has dark blue-brown freckle-like spots on the lips and inside the cheeks and presents with colicky pain from a small-bowel intussusception; multiple hamartomatous polyps are found. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
59. An apical lung tumour causing shoulder/arm pain and an ipsilateral Horner syndrome is a:
Medicine
60. Atypical pneumonia with hyponatremia, deranged LFTs and diarrhea after staying in a hotel suggests:
Medicine
61. A slow-growing 'pearly' papule with rolled edges and surface telangiectasia on the face is a:
Dermatology
62. Pernicious anemia is caused by autoimmune destruction leading to antibodies against:
Medicine
63. For fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion, the 'universal donor' group is:
Medicine
64. Before giving a beta-blocker in pheochromocytoma, the patient must first receive:
Medicine
65. A pruritic, scaly rash between the toes is commonly:
Dermatology
66. A neonate with ambiguous genitalia, salt-wasting and a very high 17-hydroxyprogesterone has:
Pediatrics
67. An intensely itchy, symmetrical vesicular rash on the extensor surfaces associated with coeliac disease is:
Dermatology
68. When a chronic left-to-right cardiac shunt reverses to right-to-left with cyanosis, it is called:
Medicine
69. Velvety hyperpigmented thickening of the axillae and neck (acanthosis nigricans) is a marker of:
Dermatology
70. Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules in the glomeruli are characteristic of:
Pathology
71. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is diagnosed when ascitic fluid neutrophils exceed:
Medicine
72. A 6-year-old with a sore throat develops a widespread rough 'sandpaper' rash that spares the skin around the mouth, a red 'strawberry' tongue, and skin peeling as it settles. What is the diagnosis?
Paediatrics
73. Vitamin D toxicity most characteristically causes:
Medicine
74. A previously well teenager with meningococcal septicaemia rapidly develops a spreading purpuric rash, refractory hypotension and hypoglycaemia. Which complication has occurred?
Medicine
75. A 40-year-old man with ulcerative colitis develops itching and a rising alkaline phosphatase. MRCP shows multiple bile-duct strictures with a 'beaded' appearance. What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
76. A young adult from the eastern Mediterranean has recurrent painful mouth ulcers, genital ulcers and a red painful eye (uveitis); a needle-prick to the skin forms a pustule (pathergy). What is the diagnosis?
Medicine
77. The most common cause of dementia is:
Neurology
78. Essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) are so named because they:
Biochemistry
79. The most common congenital heart defect seen in children with Down syndrome is:
Pediatrics
80. A patient with a sudden 'thunderclap' occipital headache after exertion should first be evaluated for:
Medicine
81. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies are most strongly associated with:
Medicine
82. Meckel's diverticulum is classically described by the 'rule of 2s' — 2% of people, 2 feet from the ileocaecal valve and:
Surgery
83. Carbon monoxide poisoning classically causes cherry-red skin and is treated with:
Medicine
84. Otitis externa ('swimmer's ear') is inflammation of the:
ENT
85. The most common cause of painless, bright-red rectal bleeding on defecation is:
Surgery
86. A Barr body represents:
Pathology
87. Which type of necrosis typically occurs in the brain?
Pathology
88. Metaplasia refers to:
Pathology
89. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in:
Pathology
90. Bony swellings at the distal interphalangeal joints in osteoarthritis are called:
Medicine
91. COVID-19 is caused by which virus?
Microbiology
92. Herd immunity refers to:
Community Medicine
93. In a symptomatic patient, a random plasma glucose diagnostic of diabetes is at least:
Medicine
94. HIV primarily infects which immune cells?
Microbiology
95. Dengue and chikungunya are transmitted by which mosquito?
Community Medicine
96. The most common type of dementia is:
Neurology
97. Guillain-Barré syndrome typically presents with:
Neurology
98. Which drug most requires therapeutic drug-level monitoring because of its narrow therapeutic index?
Pharmacology
99. The WHO defines health as:
Community Medicine
100. A positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for occult blood should prompt:
Surgery
101. The characteristic biochemistry of Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is:
Medicine
102. Sudden painless loss of vision with numerous new floaters in a diabetic patient suggests:
Ophthalmology
103. Which vitamin deficiency causes a macrocytic anemia WITH neurological signs (e.g., subacute combined degeneration)?
Pathology
104. Which is the only muscle that ABDUCTS (opens) the vocal cords?
Anatomy
105. A 6-month-old infant presents with fever, cough, coryza and wheeze during winter. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pediatrics
106. Which side effects are commonly associated with antipsychotic medications?
Psychiatry
107. The most common cause of generalised pruritus, especially in the elderly, is:
Dermatology
108. An elderly patient after a fall has a shortened, externally rotated leg and hip pain with inability to weight-bear. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Orthopaedics
109. The primary purpose of contact tracing in infectious-disease control is to:
Community Medicine
110. A patient presents with severe ear pain, itch and discharge, with pain on moving the pinna. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ENT
111. The most common bacterial causes of acute otitis media in children are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and:
ENT
112. The definitive treatment for acute appendicitis is:
Surgery
113. The most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage is:
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
114. The standard screening test for cervical cancer is:
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
115. The organ primarily damaged in a myocardial infarction is the:
Medicine
116. Anemia is defined as a reduction in:
Pathology
117. Dietary iodine deficiency classically causes:
Community Medicine
118. The medical term for a localized collection of pus is:
Pathology
119. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency predisposes red cells to:
Biochemistry
120. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to what age?
Pediatrics
121. Hypertension is defined as a persistent elevation of:
Medicine
122. Which vaccine is given at birth to reduce vertical (mother-to-child) transmission of a hepatotropic virus?
Pediatrics
123. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from a deficiency of:
Medicine
124. The outermost layer of the skin is the:
Dermatology
125. Aspirin produces its effect mainly by inhibiting which enzyme?
Pharmacology
126. Normal human core body temperature is approximately:
Physiology
127. Tuberculosis is caused by which organism?
Microbiology
128. Malaria is transmitted by the bite of which mosquito?
Microbiology
129. First-line antibiotic for uncomplicated streptococcal pharyngitis is:
Medicine
130. Which structure of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?
ENT
131. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin on exposure to sunlight?
Biochemistry
132. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Physiology
133. Deficiency of vitamin A classically causes:
Biochemistry
134. Which hormone from the kidney stimulates red blood cell production?
Physiology
135. The Krebs (TCA) cycle takes place in the:
Biochemistry
136. Glycolysis occurs in the:
Biochemistry
137. Pulmonary surfactant is produced by which cells?
Anatomy
138. Renin is secreted by which cells of the kidney?
Physiology
139. Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted mainly by the faecal–oral route?
Microbiology
140. A randomized controlled trial is regarded as the ____ for testing a treatment's efficacy.
Community Medicine
141. Which structure focuses light onto the retina?
Ophthalmology
142. Well-demarcated plaques with silvery scale on the extensor surfaces (elbows, knees) are typical of:
Dermatology
143. The first physical sign of puberty in girls is usually:
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
144. An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol) causes:
Biochemistry
145. A normal umbilical cord contains how many vessels?
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
146. In an unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally, the immediate priority is to:
Medicine
147. A diagnosis of a major depressive episode requires low mood or anhedonia for at least:
Psychiatry
148. The classic triad of Wernicke encephalopathy is:
Psychiatry
149. High fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability and a very raised creatine kinase after starting an antipsychotic indicates:
Psychiatry
150. An infant can usually sit without support by about:
Pediatrics