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Cancer of the food pipe, which narrows it and causes progressive difficulty swallowing, first for solids then for liquids.
Oesophageal cancer: squamous (upper and middle; smoking, alcohol) versus adenocarcinoma (lower; reflux, Barrett's); progressive dysphagia (solids then liquids), weight loss, regurgitation; spreads early by lymphatics.
Acute Appendicitis
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix — the commonest surgical abdominal emergency.
Intestinal Obstruction
A blockage that prevents the normal passage of bowel contents.
Gallstones & Cholecystitis
Stones in the gallbladder and the inflammation they can cause.
Hernias
Protrusion of an organ through a weak point in its containing wall.
Acute Abdomen
Sudden, severe abdominal pain that may need urgent surgery.
Approach to Rectal Bleeding
A structured differential of blood passed per rectum.