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Long-standing inflammation that permanently scars the pancreas, so it can no longer digest food or make enough insulin.
Chronic pancreatitis is permanent scarring (mostly alcohol): loss of enzymes gives malabsorption and steatorrhoea; loss of insulin cells gives diabetes; a boring upper-abdomen pain to the back; imaging shows calcification.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Ulceration of the stomach or duodenum from acid and mucosal injury.
Liver Cirrhosis
Irreversible scarring of the liver with progressive loss of function.
Approach to Jaundice
A structured differential of yellow discolouration from raised bilirubin.
Malabsorption Syndromes
Conditions in which the gut fails to absorb nutrients properly, leading to weight loss, bulky stools and deficiencies.
Alcoholic Liver Disease
The spectrum of liver damage caused by long-term heavy drinking, from a fatty liver to hepatitis and finally cirrhosis.
Acute Pancreatitis
Sudden inflammation of the pancreas as its own digestive enzymes are activated and begin to digest the gland.