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A disease caused by Leishmania parasites, spread by sandflies, ranging from skin sores to a deadly disease of the internal organs.
Leishmaniasis (Leishmania, sandfly): visceral (kala-azar) is long fever, a huge spleen and liver, weight loss, dark skin and low blood counts (fatal untreated); cutaneous is an ulcerating skin sore healing with a scar; amastigotes (Leishman-Donovan bodies) sit in macrophages.
Gram Stain
A differential stain that classifies bacteria by their cell-wall structure.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis.
Malaria
A protozoal disease caused by Plasmodium, spread by the female Anopheles mosquito.
Staphylococcus vs Streptococcus
The two major groups of Gram-positive cocci, told apart at the bench.
Sterilisation vs Disinfection
Two different levels of removing microbes from instruments and surfaces.
HIV / AIDS
A retrovirus that destroys CD4 T-cells, causing progressive immunodeficiency.