❤️ Cardiovascular🟢 BasicIschemic Heart Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Death of heart muscle from a blocked coronary artery.

Key points

Central crushing chest pain with sweating and nausea; may radiate to arm or jaw.
Diagnosed by ECG changes (ST elevation in STEMI) and a raised troponin.
STEMI needs urgent reperfusion — primary PCI or thrombolysis.

Memory trick

Initial management: aspirin plus urgent assessment for reperfusion; give oxygen only if hypoxaemic and use nitrates or opioids selectively when clinically appropriate.

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Acute Coronary Syndrome
A spectrum of acute coronary syndromes caused by a sudden reduction in coronary blood flow, including unstable angina, NSTEMI and STEMI.
Heart Failure
The heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Hypertension
Persistently raised arterial blood pressure — the 'silent killer'.
Recognising Common Arrhythmias
Identifying common heart-rhythm disturbances on the ECG.
Approach to Chest Pain
A structured differential of acute chest pain, prioritising the life-threats.
Approach to Palpitations
Evaluating the sensation of a fast, forceful or irregular heartbeat.

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