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The changes in the eyes that reflect diseases of the whole body, making the eye a window on general health.
The eye is a window on the body: diabetes (retinopathy), high blood pressure (retinal changes), raised skull pressure (papilloedema), thyroid eye disease (bulging eyes), rheumatic disease (inflamed coats); plus corneal rings and cherry-red spots.
Cataract
Clouding of the lens causing painless, progressive loss of vision.
Glaucoma
Optic-nerve damage, usually linked to raised intraocular pressure.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Microvascular damage to the retina from long-standing diabetes.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva — the common 'red eye'.
Refractive Errors
The eye fails to focus light sharply on the retina.
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the retina from the underlying layer — an eye emergency.