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The short uppermost part of the brainstem that connects the forebrain to the pons and carries pathways for eye movement, hearing and reflexes.
Midbrain has the cerebral aqueduct and four colliculi (superior for sight, inferior for sound); CN III and IV move the eye; red nucleus and substantia nigra help movement.
Circle of Willis
An anastomotic ring of arteries at the base of the brain that safeguards its blood supply.
The 12 Cranial Nerves
Twelve paired nerves that arise directly from the brain and brainstem.
The Cerebellum
The hindbrain structure that coordinates movement, posture and balance.
Dermatomes and Myotomes
The skin area (dermatome) and muscle group (myotome) supplied by a single spinal nerve root.
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
The motor and sensory loss patterns of the major upper-limb nerves.
The Cavernous Sinus
A paired dural venous sinus beside the body of the sphenoid, remarkable for the nerves and the artery that run through and beside it.