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A stretch sensor inside skeletal muscle that drives a reflex contraction and helps the body sense and control muscle length and posture.
Stretch to protect: the spindle senses lengthening and fires a one-synapse reflex that shortens the same muscle while the opposite muscle relaxes.
Action Potential
A rapid, self-propagating reversal of membrane potential that carries nerve and muscle signals.
Reflex Arc
The neural pathway that produces an automatic, rapid response to a stimulus.
Cerebellar Function and Lesion Signs
The cerebellum does not start movement; it compares the movement you intended with the movement you are making and corrects the difference.
The Hypothalamus
A small region at the base of the brain that links the nervous and endocrine systems and keeps the body's internal conditions stable.
Referred Pain
Pain felt at a site away from its true source, explained by how visceral and skin nerves share pathways in the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Ascending and Descending Tracts
The bundles of nerve fibres running up and down the spinal cord that carry sensation to the brain and movement commands from it.