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Inflammation of the middle, pigmented layer of the eye, which causes a painful red eye and can threaten sight.
Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid); anterior (iridocyclitis) gives a painful red eye, photophobia, a small sluggish pupil and cells on the cornea, with the iris sticking to the lens; linked to spondylitis, sarcoid and IBD.
Cataract
Clouding of the lens causing painless, progressive loss of vision.
Glaucoma
Optic-nerve damage, usually linked to raised intraocular pressure.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Microvascular damage to the retina from long-standing diabetes.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva — the common 'red eye'.
Refractive Errors
The eye fails to focus light sharply on the retina.
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the retina from the underlying layer — an eye emergency.