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Also known as: heart failure · pulmonary oedema · CHF · cardiac failure
Rapid onset or worsening of heart-failure symptoms — breathlessness, orthopnoea and oedema, often with pulmonary congestion. Relieve congestion and find the trigger.
People with cardiac disease (ischaemic, hypertensive, valvular, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia). Common triggers: ACS, atrial fibrillation, non-adherence, infection, and salt/fluid excess.
Relieve congestion
Hypertensive/ischaemic pulmonary oedema
Disease-modifying therapy (after stabilisation)
Guidelines change. If something here is out of date, tell us — we keep these current.
🚩 Report outdated / suggest update