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Also known as: menopause · perimenopause · hormone replacement therapy
The permanent cessation of menstruation (12 months of amenorrhoea) from ovarian follicular loss — with vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats), genitourinary symptoms, mood/sleep changes and long-term bone/cardiovascular effects. HRT effectively treats symptoms in suitable women.
Typically around 45–55 years; earlier with surgical or premature ovarian insufficiency (which needs treatment to protect bone and heart).
Vasomotor and related symptoms
Caution: Add a progestogen with oestrogen if the uterus is present (endometrial protection).
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