The reasoning: requirement and norms
| Norm | Quantity |
|---|---|
| WHO emergency/minimum survival | 15–20 L/person/day (Sphere: ≥ 15 L) |
| Jal Jeevan Mission (rural, 2019) | 55 L/person/day via functional household tap connection (FHTC), of prescribed quality, regularly |
| Urban (CPHEEO) | 135 L/person/day (sewered cities); 70 L (non‑sewered) |
| Hospitals | 340–450 L/bed/day (CPHEEO, depending on bed strength) |