The reasoning: transduction → transmission → modulation → perception
Transduction channels: TRPV1 (heat > ~43 °C, capsaicin, H⁺), TRPA1 (irritants, cold), TRPM8 (cool, menthol), ASICs (H⁺), P2X3 (ATP), PIEZO2 (some mechanical). Spike generation: NaV1.7 (threshold amplifier), NaV1.8 (TTX‑resistant upstroke, repetitive firing), NaV1.9.