The reasoning: three crossing rules + segmental anatomy
At the lesion level: dorsal horn/root involvement (dermatomal sensory loss, radicular pain), anterior horn (LMN weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, areflexia). Below the lesion: long‑tract signs — UMN weakness (after spinal shock), DCML loss (ipsilateral), ALS loss (contralateral, starting 1–2 segments lower), sphincter dysfunction.