Part 5 · Cardiovascular Physiology
Same concept, other depth: Foundation →
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S1: MV then TV closure; loud when the leaflets are wide open at onset of systole (short PR, mobile mitral stenosis, high output), soft with long PR, calcified MS or poor LV function. S2: A2 then P2; inspiration increases venous return to the right heart and pulmonary capacitance, delaying P2 → physiological splitting.
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