Part 5 · The Heart and Circulation
Same concept, other depth: Clinical Reasoning →
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Axis: the main electrical wave in the ventricles normally points down and to the left (roughly between −30° and +90°). A quick check: if the QRS is mainly upward in leads I and aVF, the axis is normal. Axis shifts when one ventricle thickens or part of the wiring is blocked.
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