Part 2 · Contrast Media, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy
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| Emission | Nature | Change | Penetration | Ionisation density |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | ⁴He nucleus | Z −2, A −4 | stopped by paper/skin; µm in tissue | highest (high LET) |
| Beta⁻ | electron | Z +1, A same (isobaric) | mm in tissue | moderate |
| Beta⁺ (positron) | positron | Z −1 | annihilates (PET) | moderate |
| Gamma | photon from nucleus | none (isomeric transition) | high | low |
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