Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)
Causes: traumatic (displaced femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, scaphoid waist fracture, talar neck fracture) and atraumatic: steroids (commonest atraumatic, including post‑COVID‑19 courses) and alcohol, sickle cell, Gaucher, caisson disease, SLE, pancreatitis, radiation, idiopathic. Mnemonic "ASEPTIC": Alcohol/AIDS, Sickle cell, Steroids, Emboli/Exogenous estrogen, Pancreatitis/Pregnancy, Trauma, Idiopathic/Infection, Caisson/Collagen vascular.