Part 5 · Neuroradiology

70. Haemorrhagic Stroke, Aneurysm, AVM and Cavernoma

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Site	Cause
Putamen/external capsule (commonest), thalamus, pons, cerebellum, caudate	hypertensive (Charcot–Bouchard microaneurysms of perforators)
Lobar (cortical–subcortical), elderly, recurrent, with lobar microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis on SWI	cerebral amyloid angiopathy (Boston criteria v2.0)
Young, atypical site	AVM, cavernoma, dural AVF, venous thrombosis, drugs (cocaine, amphetamine), vasculitis, moyamoya
With mass/oedema out of proportion	haemorrhagic tumour (melanoma, RCC, choriocarcinoma, thyroid metastases; GBM)
Anticoagulated	fluid–fluid levels

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Site

Cause

Putamen/external capsule (commonest), thalamus, pons, cerebellum, caudate

hypertensive (Charcot–Bouchard microaneurysms of perforators)

Lobar (cortical–subcortical), elderly, recurrent, with lobar microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis on SWI

cerebral amyloid angiopathy (Boston criteria v2.0)

Young, atypical site

AVM, cavernoma, dural AVF, venous thrombosis, drugs (cocaine, amphetamine), vasculitis, moyamoya

With mass/oedema out of proportion

haemorrhagic tumour (melanoma, RCC, choriocarcinoma, thyroid metastases; GBM)

Anticoagulated

fluid–fluid levels