In real life
In 1747, ship's surgeon James Lind gave six pairs of sailors with scurvy different remedies: cider, vinegar, seawater, oranges and lemons, and so on. Only the pair given citrus recovered quickly. It wasn't randomised, but it was one of the first controlled comparisons. Today, every new vaccine (COVID‑19, HPV, rotavirus) must pass large RCTs before it is used widely.