Part 3 · Weighing the Evidence
Same concept, other depth: Clinical Reasoning →
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How did the world become convinced that smoking causes lung cancer, when we can't ethically randomise people to smoke? Many studies in many countries showed a strong link (smokers had 10–20 times the risk). The more people smoked, the higher the risk. Quitting lowered it. Smoke contained cancer‑causing chemicals. Together, the evidence became overwhelming. That is causal reasoning in action.
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