The reasoning: innate recognises patterns, adaptive recognises epitopes
Innate: barriers, phagocytes, NK cells, complement, acute‑phase proteins, interferons; pattern‑recognition receptors (TLRs, NOD‑like receptors) detect PAMPs/DAMPs; immediate but without memory. Adaptive: clonal selection of B and T cells with somatically rearranged receptors (V(D)J recombination); specificity and memory; requires antigen presentation.