The simple idea
| Organ | Detects | How |
|---|---|---|
| Semicircular canals (3 per ear, at right angles) | rotation (angular acceleration) | fluid lags behind as the head turns, bending a gel flap (cupula) |
| Utricle | horizontal movement and head tilt | tiny crystals (otoliths) on a gel layer shift with gravity |
| Saccule | vertical movement (lifts) | same |