The reasoning
| Direct signs | Indirect signs |
|---|---|
| Displacement of fissures (most reliable) | elevation of hemidiaphragm; juxtaphrenic peak (upper lobe collapse) |
| increased opacity of the lobe | mediastinal/tracheal shift toward the collapse |
| crowding of vessels and bronchi | hilar displacement (up in upper lobe, down in lower lobe) |
| loss of aeration | rib crowding; compensatory hyperinflation of other lobes; silhouette sign |