The reasoning
| Volume (approx.) | Erect PA appearance |
|---|---|
| ~75 mL | blunted posterior CP angle on lateral |
| ~200–300 mL | blunted lateral CP angle on PA (earliest PA sign) |
| ~500 mL | obscures hemidiaphragm; meniscus sign (higher laterally) |
| ~1 L | reaches about the level of the 4th anterior rib |
| massive | opaque hemithorax, contralateral shift |