Part 8 · Intestinal, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

80. Rabies — Exposure Categories, PEP and One Health

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Feature	Detail
Agent	Rabies virus (lyssavirus, rhabdovirus), bullet‑shaped; neurotropic
Source in India	Dogs (≈ 95–97% of human cases); cats, mongoose, jackals, monkeys (rare); bats (rabies‑related lyssaviruses)
Burden	India ≈ 36% of global rabies deaths (WHO estimate ≈ 18,000–20,000 deaths/year); many uncounted
Incubation	1–3 months typically (days to > 1 year); shorter with bites on the head, face, neck, hands and with severe/multiple bites
Clinical	Furious (hydrophobia, aerophobia, agitation, autonomic instability; ≈ 80%) or paralytic (dumb) rabies; CFR ≈ 100% once symptomatic
Transmission	Saliva via bite, scratch or licks on broken skin/mucosa; organ transplants (rare); human‑to‑human by bite not documented

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Feature

Detail

Agent

Rabies virus (lyssavirus, rhabdovirus), bullet‑shaped; neurotropic

Source in India

Dogs (≈ 95–97% of human cases); cats, mongoose, jackals, monkeys (rare); bats (rabies‑related lyssaviruses)

Burden

India ≈ 36% of global rabies deaths (WHO estimate ≈ 18,000–20,000 deaths/year); many uncounted

Incubation

1–3 months typically (days to > 1 year); shorter with bites on the head, face, neck, hands and with severe/multiple bites

Clinical

Furious (hydrophobia, aerophobia, agitation, autonomic instability; ≈ 80%) or paralytic (dumb) rabies; CFR ≈ 100% once symptomatic

Transmission

Saliva via bite, scratch or licks on broken skin/mucosa; organ transplants (rare); human‑to‑human by bite not documented